My research has focused on quantifying the impact of trends, regulatory reforms, and multi-stakeholder strategies and practices on drug development operating efficiency, economics, performance and quality. Major research interests include phase I – IV protocol design strategies and practices and their impact on drug development performance and economics; clinical research operating strategies and tactics (e.g., clinical study management; patient recruitment and retention; outsourcing; clinical data collection and management) impacting efficiency, speed, quality and economics; the global operating market and environment for contract clinical research services; and international operating conditions and models for investigative sites.